Which officials must declare their assets, and can the public see them?
28 countries' asset and interest declaration systems, from the laws and the agencies that run them: who declares, what they declare, whether it is public, and who checks. 12 public online · 12 partly public · 3 public on request · 1 not public.
| Country | Public access | Who verifies | Main law |
|---|---|---|---|
| Argentina | Public online | The Oficina Anticorrupción reviews declarations of national executive branch officials. It cross-checks them against prior declarations and other public databases, assesses whether asset growth is reasonable given declared income, reviews conflicts of interest, and can issue requests for asset clarification. Results may open an OA investigation or serve as technical input to a court. | Ley 25.188 de Ética en el Ejercicio de la Función Pública |
| Australia | Public online | Registrar of Members' Interests. | Resolution of the House of Representatives on registration of Members' interests, adopted 9 October 1984 and last amended 19 September 2019 |
| Brazil | Public online | The Electoral Justice reviews candidate registration. TSE case law allows the truthfulness of a declaration to be examined after registration where there is concrete evidence of falsity. | Lei n. 9.504/1997 (Lei das Eleições), art. 11, paragraph 1, IV (declaration of assets signed by the candidate) |
| Canada | Partly public | The Conflict of Interest and Ethics Commissioner reviews reports with each reporting public office holder every year, can order compliance measures such as divestment or recusal, gives confidential advice, and examines alleged breaches on request from a parliamentarian or on its own initiative. | Conflict of Interest Act (S.C. 2006, c. 9, s. 2) |
| Chile | Public online | The Contraloría General de la República oversees the timeliness, completeness and accuracy of declarations of officials under Chapter 1 of Ley 20.880, and each head of service must check that staff file on time. Declarations of legislators are overseen by the parliamentary ethics and transparency commissions. | Ley N. 20.880 sobre Probidad en la Función Pública y Prevención de los Conflictos de Intereses |
| Estonia | Partly public | Not confirmed in sources read | Anti-Corruption Act (Korruptsioonivastane seadus), section 13(1) and related provisions on the declaration of interests |
| European Parliament | Partly public | The Advisory Committee on the Conduct of Members, composed of eight current Members appointed by the President, proactively monitors compliance with the Code of Conduct, receives reports of alleged breaches and advises the President, who decides on action. | Rules of Procedure of the European Parliament, Annex I, Code of Conduct for Members of the European Parliament on integrity and transparency |
| France | Partly public | Haute Autorité pour la transparence de la vie publique, an independent administrative authority that carries out the control of officials' assets. | Loi organique et loi ordinaire du 11 octobre 2013 relatives à la transparence de la vie publique (including Loi n. 2013-907) |
| Georgia | Public online | The State Audit Office handles submissions, verification and publication. If a defect is found it notifies the official within one month and allows up to one month to correct it. | Law of Georgia No. 982 on the Fight Against Corruption (formerly On Conflict of Interest and Corruption in Public Service), consolidated to Law No. 1833 of 25 June 2026 |
| Germany | Public online | The President of the Bundestag, under the procedure in section 51 of the Abgeordnetengesetz. | Abgeordnetengesetz (Members of the Bundestag Act), Elfter Abschnitt, as reformed in 2021, with the Ältestenrat implementing rules of 12 May 2022 |
| Indonesia | Public online | Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi (Corruption Eradication Commission). It carries out administrative verification within 60 working days, and may examine reports before, during and up to 5 years after office, on its own initiative or at the request of law enforcement, internal oversight or prevention bodies. | Undang-Undang No. 28 Tahun 1999 tentang Penyelenggara Negara yang Bersih dan Bebas dari Korupsi, Kolusi dan Nepotisme |
| Ireland | Partly public | The Standards in Public Office Commission and the committees on members' interests of each House. | Ethics in Public Office Act 1995 (No. 22 of 1995) |
| Japan | Partly public | National Public Service Ethics Board, which receives copies of share dealing and income reports and of gift reports of officials of designated service or higher. | National Public Service Ethics Act (Act No. 129 of 1999) |
| Latvia | Public online | The State Revenue Service checks whether declarations were submitted on time and completed correctly and compares them with data it holds. The Corruption Prevention and Combating Bureau examines declarations for violations within its competence. Where possible unexplained property is found, the Bureau, the Constitution Protection Bureau or the Prime Minister verifies it. | Law On Prevention of Conflict of Interest in Activities of Public Officials |
| Mexico | Partly public | The Secretarías and internal control bodies carry out random checks of declarations and of changes in officials' assets. If no anomaly is found they issue a certification, and if one is found they open an investigation. | Constitution of Mexico, article 108 (all public servants must declare assets) |
| Mongolia | Public online | The Independent Authority Against Corruption is the main verifying body. The Legal Standing Committee of the State Great Khural handles IAAC senior officials, the General Council of Courts handles judges, the General Election Commission handles candidates, and the State Great Khural Ethics Sub-committee reviews declarations of members of parliament on citizen requests or complaints. | Anti-Corruption Law, articles 10 to 14 (asset and income declarations) |
| Nigeria | Public on request | The Code of Conduct Bureau examines declarations in accordance with the Code of Conduct or any law, and the Code of Conduct Tribunal adjudicates contraventions. | Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1999, Fifth Schedule Part I (Code of Conduct for Public Officers) and Third Schedule Part I (Code of Conduct Bureau) |
| Philippines | Public on request | Not confirmed in sources read | 1987 Constitution, Article XI, Section 17 |
| Poland | Partly public | The Central Anticorruption Bureau (CBA) checks whether declarations are correct and truthful through full and detailed controls under Chapter 4 of the 2006 Act on the CBA. The CBA reports about 10,097 control actions covering 23,475 people over 20 years. | Asset declaration provisions in several statutes, including the anti-corruption act on restricting business activity by persons performing public functions, the acts on the exercise of the mandate of deputy and senator, the local government acts, and the acts on courts and the prosecution service |
| Rwanda | Not public | The Office of the Ombudsman checks whether declared assets were legally acquired and whether declarations are accurate, through analysis, cross-checking and physical survey of assets. Where assets appear not to have been legally acquired, the case is referred to the criminal investigation body. | Law N. 55/2021 of 29/08/2021 on Declaration of Assets |
| South Africa | Partly public | The Joint Committee on Ethics and Members' Interests enforces compliance with the Code, and the Registrar of Members' Interests keeps the Register and investigates under the Committee's direction. | Code of Ethical Conduct and Disclosure of Members' Interests for Assembly and Permanent Council Members (Sixth Parliament) |
| South Korea | Partly public | Civil service ethics committees, including the Government Civil Service Ethics Committee. Every disclosed official is examined and other registrants are examined if selected under set criteria. Examiners check accuracy, omissions and misrepresentation, and review how property was acquired, including the source of funds. | Public Service Ethics Act (Civil Service Ethics Act) |
| Spain | Partly public | The Oficina de Conflictos de Intereses, which operates with full functional autonomy, manages the incompatibility regime, keeps the registers, requires compliance and reports to Congress every six months. | Ley 3/2015, de 30 de marzo, reguladora del ejercicio del alto cargo de la Administración General del Estado |
| Sri Lanka | Public online | Commission to Investigate Allegations of Bribery or Corruption, which receives declarations forwarded by the heads of institutions and is installing a Centralized Electronic System. | Anti-Corruption Act, No. 9 of 2023, sections 79 to 92 (declarations of assets and liabilities) |
| Uganda | Public on request | The Inspector General of Government receives and examines declarations, may require a leader to explain omissions or discrepancies within thirty days, may inquire on its own initiative or on complaint, and may verify declarations. | Leadership Code Act, 2002 |
| Ukraine | Public online | The National Agency on Corruption Prevention runs logical and arithmetical control on all declarations, assigns each a risk rating, and selects the highest-risk declarations for full verification. NACP said every fourth audited declaration showed violations that entail criminal or administrative liability. | Law No. 3384-IX restoring mandatory electronic declaration under martial law |
| United Kingdom | Public online | The Parliamentary Commissioner for Standards maintains the Commons register. For ministers, the Permanent Secretary reviews the declaration and shares it with the Independent Adviser on Ministers' Interests. | House of Commons Code of Conduct for Members of Parliament and Guide to the Rules (Register of Members' Financial Interests) |
| United States | Partly public | The employing agency's ethics official reviews and certifies reports, and the Office of Government Ethics provides a second-level review for Senate-confirmed nominees and certain senior White House officials. | Ethics in Government Act of 1978, now codified at 5 U.S.C. chapter 131 |